4 Ekim 2013 Cuma

Nevada State Fish

Nevada State Fish

Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (common name)
Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi (scientific name)

Overview

The Lahontan cutthroat trout is the largest subspecies of cutthroat trout and a symbol of both Nevada's natural history and its commitment to wildlife conservation. Nevada named it the official state fish in 1981—it is found in 14 of the state's 17 counties and the majority of the species’ population is located in the state. Lahontan cutthroat trout are gray to olive green above, yellowish-brown or sometimes pink on the sides, and red or pink along the belly. Round black spots are scattered over the fish, but more closely grouped towards the tail. Lake dwellers are much larger and live longer than their stream-dwelling cousins.
Over-fishing in the 1800s, the subsequent damming of rivers, and competition from non-native species virtually wiped out the Lahontan cutthroat to the point where it was officially classified as an endangered species in 1970. By 1975, however, conservation efforts and successful re-introductions into prior habitat had been successful enough to re-classify it as threatened.

Close-up

STATUS
Official
PHYSICAL DETAILS
Length: Up to 50 in (127 cm); average of 10 in (25 cm)
Weight: Up to 41 lbs (18.6 kg); average of 1 lb (450 g)
LIFESPAN
Up to 7 years
HABITAT
Generally clear, extremely cold mountain lakes and streams, although it has also adapted to warmer lowland streams and alkaline lakes where no other trout can live. Alpine stream dwellers need protected pools to survive the winters when the streams ice over.
Range: 
Northern Nevada and the mountains along the borders with California, Oregon, and Utah. Specifically, the Lahontan cutthroat is found in the drainages of the Truckee, Humboldt, Carson, Walker, and Quinn rivers, including Summit Lake and Independence Lake. It was also successfully re-introduced to Pyramid Lake and Walker Lake. Because of its ability to survive in alkaline lakes, the Lahontan cutthroat has also been introduced to alkaline lakes in Washington (Lake Lenore) and Oregon (Mann Lake).

Water type: Freshwater
Water temp: 20–83°F (-6–28.5°C)
Conservation Status: Threatened
DIET
Terrestrial and aquatic insects, insect larvae, and small fish.
REPRODUCTION
Fertilization: External
Spawning frequency: Approximately every two years; February–July
Mating behavior: Distinct pairing
Egg laying: Spawns in rivers, generally in pools with gravel bottoms. The majority of Lahontan cutthroat die after they spawn for the first time. Those that survive typically spawn again two or more years later. Adults engage in a courtship ritual after which the female clears an area of gravel (a "redd") to deposit her eggs. Both adults defend the eggs for a period of time after fertilization.
USES
Game fish
OTHER NAMES
Native trout, cutthroat trout
TRIVIA
  • The fish's scientific name derives from two different men: William Clark (clarki) of the Lewis & Clark expedition, discovered the native American cutthroat trout species in 1806; and H.W. Henshaw (henshawi) discovered the unique Lahontan subspecies in Lake Tahoe in 1876.
  • The red-orange marks under the cutthroat’s jaw give this fish its common name.

Click to enlarge an image
State Fish
Lahontan Cutthroat Trout
State Fish
Huge Lahontan Cutthroat Trout at Fish Hatchery
State Fish
Measuring Lahontan Cutthroat Trout at the Hatchery
State Fish
Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Natural Habitat

CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Actinopterygii
Sub-Class:Neopterygii
Order:Salmoniformes
Family:Salmonidae
Genus:Oncorhynchus
Species:O. clarki
Subspecies:O. c. henshawi
Raw Data Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Author: World Trade Press

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