15 Mayıs 2013 Çarşamba

New Jersey: A Historical Timeline

New Jersey: A Historical Timeline


PRIOR TO PRIOR TO 1500
PRE-EUROPEAN
5000 BCE
Native Americans occupy New Jersey thousands of years before European arrival. The Delaware (also known as the Lenape) tribe of the Algonquin live in the area, spending most of their time hunting and growing crops, such as corn, squash, and beans.
1500-1664
EARLY EUROPEAN EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT
1524
Giovanni da Verrazano, sailing for France, explores the Jersey coast, including Sandy Hook and the Narrows.
1609
Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company, explores Newark Bay and the Hudson Valley.
1609-13
Adriaen Block explores and maps the coast along Delaware, New Jersey, and Long Island, naming it New Netherlands.
1638
A Swedish colony, New Sweden, is established along the Delaware River.
1655
The Dutch seize the New Sweden colony.
1660
The Dutch establish Bergen, now Jersey City, the first permanent town in New Jersey.
1664
A British fleet sails into New York Harbor to take control of New Jersey from the Dutch.
England’s King Charles II grants land in New Netherlands (now New Jersey) to his brother James, the Duke of York.
(June 24) New Jersey, named after the Isle of Jersey, is founded.
1665-1739
NEW JERSEY COLONY
1676
The New Jersey Colony is divided into East Jersey and West Jersey.
1702
East and West Jersey are combined into one royal colony under the reign of Queen Anne.
1721
William Trent starts a village named "Trent’s Town," which becomes Trenton.
1740-1776
PRE-REVOLUTIONARY NEW JERSEY
1746
The College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) is founded in Elizabeth. It is the forth institution of higher education in the country to teach classes. Unlike others, it does have an official religious affiliation.
1758
The New Jersey Legislature forms the first reservation for Native Americans, establishing a permanent home for the Lenni-Lenape in Burlington County.
1774
(December 22) The Greenwich Tea Party. One year after the Boston Tea Party 40 Patriots dressed as Native Americans at Greenwich Township torch a load of tea meant for Philadelphia. It is a similar show of protest against the British tax system.
1775
The New England Restraining Act forbids trade in the colonies with any country other than Britain or Ireland.
1776-1800
REVOLUTIONARY NEW JERSEY
1776
The Revolutionary War begins. More than one hundred battles take place in New Jersey. It becomes known as the "Pathway of the Revolution."
(July 2) New Jersey adopts its first state constitution.
(November 20) The British invade New Jersey.
(December 26) General Washington makes his famous overnight crossing of the Delaware River from Pennsylvania to surprise the British in New Jersey. He defeats the British forces in the Battle of Trenton, capturing nearly 900 prisoners in 90 minutes and changing the course of the war.
1778
Battle of Monmouth. Washington leads the Continental Army to attack the rear of the British army as they leave Monmouth County Court House. The British slip away in the night and continue their march to Sandy Hook. The Battle of Monmouth is still reenacted at Monmouth Battlefield State Park each year during the last weekend in June.
1783
Governor Washington issues his "Farewell Address to the Army" near Princeton.
-The Continental Congress meets at Nassau Hall in Princeton for several months, effectively making the town the national capital
1787
(December 12) New Jersey becomes the third in the Union after ratifying the U.S. Constitution.
1789-90
(November 20) New Jersey is the first state to ratify and sign the Bill of Rights.
1790
"All free inhabitants" are granted to right to vote in New Jersey.
Trenton officially becomes the state capital.
1791
Alexander Hamilton builds the country’s first planned industrial city in present-day Paterson. By the 1880s, Paterson became so well known for silk manufacturing that it was called "Silk City."
1800-1860
POST-REVOLUTIONARY NEW JERSEY
1804
Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr famously duel near Weehawken. Vice President Aaron Burr mortally wounds first Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton with a pistol.
New Jersey becomes the last state in the Northeast to free slaves. At the time it has more slaves than any other Northern state.
1807
After the U.S. Constitutional Convention gives states the right to set voting qualifications, New Jersey becomes the last state in the current Union to deny women the right to vote.
1834
New Jersey and New York ratify the first U.S. interstate crime compact.
1846
The first organized baseball game is played in Hoboken.
1848
In order to meet an increasing demand for his wire rope, John Roebling opens a factory in Trenton. He and his sons will eventually build the Brooklyn Bridge and many other suspension bridges in the U.S.
1854
The USS New Era sinks off the coast of New Jersey, killing 300 people.
1858
The first nearly complete dinosaur skeleton, the Hadrosaurus foulkii, is found in Haddonfield. It is soon mounted for public display.
1860-1900
THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION ERAS
1860
The Civil War begins. Over the next five years, 88,000 soldiers from New Jersey become part of infantry and cavalry regiments, although no battles are fought in the state.
1869
Dr. Thomas Welch, a wine steward at a church in Vineland, pasteurizes Concord grape juice to make an unfermented sacramental wine. He later becomes the father of the fruit juice industry.
1870
The first section of the famous boardwalk in Atlantic City is opened to the public.
1876
Thomas Edison opens laboratories in Menlo Park.
1878
Edison patents the phonograph.
1879
Edison invents a practical carbonized cotton filament light bulb. It is the first incandescent electric lamp.
1882
The first amusement pier over the ocean is built in Atlantic City.
1892
John Philip Sousa and his band perform publicly for the first time at the Stillman Music Hall in Plainfield. Known as "the March King," went on to compose more than 136 of them, as well as several operettas.
1899
Taking advantage of the state’s lax incorporation laws, Standard Oil of New York becomes the holding company Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. It controls 91 percent of oil production and 85 percent of sales by 1904.
1900-1930
EARLY 20TH CENTURY
1903
Italo Marchioni applies for a patent for pastry cones to hold ice cream, and the ice cream cone is invented.
1910
Thomas Edison demonstrates the first "talking" pictures using a phonograph in his New Jersey laboratory.
1916
German saboteurs blow up a munitions pier on Black Tom Island in Jersey City. Seven people are killed and the damages total $25 million.
1918
World War I. A German U-Boat sinks six American ships off the coast of New Jersey.
1921
The first Miss America pageant is held in Atlantic City. Margaret Gorman of Washington, D.C., wins the crown.
1929
The first "seeing-eye" guide dog school is opened in Morris Township.
1930-1950
THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND WORLD WAR II
1931
The George Washington Bridge, linking New York City with New Jersey, opens. Today it is one of the world’s busiest traffic bridges, carrying 107,912,000 vehicles in 2007.
1932
(March 1) Aviator Charles Lindbergh’s son is kidnapped from his home in Hopewell. More than two months later, the toddler’s remains are found a short distance away. The kidnapping and murder trial are labeled the "biggest story since the Resurrection" and lead to the Federal Kidnapping Act, which makes transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime.
1933
The first drive-in movie theater opens outside of Camden.
1936
The community of Jewish Homesteads is created. Jewish garment workers own and run a clothing factory and farm. The co-op fails before World War II.
1937
Millionaire industrialist Howard Hughes sets a transcontinental air record by flying his monoplane from Los Angeles to Newark in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.
German airship the Hindenburg bursts into flames and crashes as it attempts to dock at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey. A total of 36 people die when the fire ignites the 16 hydrogen-filled cells, destroying the airship in 34 seconds.
1939-45
World War II. More than 500,000 New Jersey residents join the war effort. The state produces battleships, cruisers, and destroyers for the U.S. Navy. During World War II, shipyards and military bases in New Jersey play an important role in U.S. defenses.
1940
The first solid-body electric guitar is invented in Mahwah by Les Paul. Paul’s invention would revolutionize popular music in the coming decades.
1941
An internment camp for people of Japanese, German, and Italian descent is opened in Gloucester City.
1945
U.S. forces hit and sink a German U-boat off the coast of New Jersey.
1950-PRESENT
MODERN NEW JERSEY
1951
The New Jersey Turnpike opens. It becomes one of the most heavily traveled highways in the country and the nation’s fifth busiest toll road.
1954
The first microbiology laboratory opens in New Brunswick.
1957
Two unarmed nuclear bombs are dropped off Cape May in New Jersey by a cargo plane with engine problems. The bombs are never found.
Market researcher James Vicary announces he has invented "subliminal advertising," a way to get people to buy things by acting on the subconscious that he had tested in a New Jersey movie theater. In 1962, he admits that his results were fabricated in order to promote business for his market research firm.
1964
Race riots in Jersey City result in damage to 71 stores and injuries to 46 people. African-Americans are frustrated by poor urban conditions, declining industrial jobs, and a biased police force with little minority representation.
1967
A race riot in Newark lasts for five days. It kills 26 people, injures 1,500, and causes $10 million in damage.
New Jersey hosts the Glassboro Summit Conference, a Cold War meeting between U.S. President Lyndon Johnson and Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin. The leaders fail to reach an agreement on limiting anti-ballistic missile systems but achieve an amicable atmosphere at the summit.
1973
The class of 1973 is Princeton University’s first coeducational class, and includes Queen Noor of Jordan.
1978
Gaming is legalized in Atlantic City and the Resorts International Hotel becomes the city’s first casino.
1993
Christine Todd Whitman becomes the state’s first female governor.
1998
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that 24 acres of Ellis Island are part of New Jersey.
2001
(September 11) United Airlines Flight 93 departs Newark International Airport and is subsequently hijacked. Passengers force a crash in Pennsylvania, and all on board are killed.
(September) Several letters containing anthrax spores are mailed to government offices and media companies from mailboxes in Princeton, New Jersey. An estimated seven letters were sent; five people died as a result. 
2007
New Jersey becomes the third state to offer civil unions for same-sex couples.

 


Click to enlarge an image

5000 BCE: After thousands of years of settlement, the Algonquins (shown in green) were forced out of New Jersey completely by 1800.
 
1609: Replica of Henry Hudson's ship Halve Maen

1638: New Sweden

1664: The present-day parishes of the Island of Jersey, a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France

1664: The coastline claimed by New Netherland and some settlements, shown relative to modern borders

1774: Governor Richard Howell, Greenwich Tea Party Participant

1776: Washington Crossing the Delaware River, Emanuel Leutze

1776: The Battle of Trenton, sketched by the Hessians fighting for Britain

1776: George Washington at the Battle of Trenton, engraving by the Illman Brothers

1778: Map of the battle of Monmouth

1791: View of Paterson circa 1880

1804: Alexander Hamilton's  duel with Vice President Aaron Burr

1846: Early baseball game played in Hoboken (Currier & Ives lithograph)

1848: Plan of one tower for the Brooklyn Bridge

1858: Hadrosaurus foulkii, the official state dinosaur of New Jersey

1870: The Atlantic City Boardwalk, photo 1917

1876: Thomas Alva Edison American inventor, scientist and businessman

1879: Edison's U.S. Patent#223898: Electric Lamp

1892: Sousa and the Marine Corps Band

1916: Black Tom pier shortly after the explosion
 
1921: Margaret Gorman, first Miss America
 
1931: George Washington Bridge

1940: The Gibson Les Paul, one of the world's most popular electric guitars

1993: Christine Todd Whitman

2001: Flight 93 departs Newark International Air Airport
 

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